The Basal Ganglia
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چکیده
That the basal ganglia are related to the control of movement has been known for a long time; diseases affecting primarily the basal ganglia lead to characteristic disturbances of movement and of resting muscle tone. Improved methods for tracing fiber connections have shown, however, that the main efferent connections of the basal ganglia do not descend to motor nuclei in the brain stem and spinal cord but are rather directed 'upstream' to the motor and other areas of the cerebral cortex. Even though the most obvious symptoms of the basal ganglia are related to the motor system, both clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the basal ganglia also play a role in higher mental functions.
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